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Assignment: Feasibility Study of the Health Sector in Palestine Territory
Client: Agence française de Développement
Country: Palestine
Fields of expertise: Basic Health Services, Health Expenditure Review, Health Policy and Policy Dialogue, Health Sector Reform, Health Sector Review or Health Sector Diagnosis, Hospital Services, Identification and Formulation, Pharmaceutical Sector Review, Sector Wide Approach (SWAp)
Description:Narrative Description of Project:
The general objective of this mission is to identify and formulate the needs for investment and priority technical support in the health sector; both in the public sector and in the private health sector.

Description of Actual Services Provided:
This study of the health sector analyses the following issues:
  1. Based on the existing literature and exchanges with the stakeholders:
    • The actual state of the health sector and its principal problems;
    • Health policy, health sector reform, improvements in health development and the obstacles for the implementation;
    • Evaluation of the total health expenditure for the last years;
    • Organisation of the Public health system and of the health care services, SWOT analysis of the public health system, the consequences of the worsening of the political and socio-economical context;
    • A brief description of the private health sector, its role in the provision of services, the control mechanisms and the regulation of private health services.
  2. Based on a field mission:
    • Description of the public and private health sector, mentioning for each principal hospital the available services, the demand, the major constraints, the available support, the priority needs and needed interventions;
    • Description of the role and involvement of the Palestinian and foreign NGO’s in health projects;
    • Evaluation of the projects and strategies supported by the technical and financial partners;
    • Degree of cooperation between the Ministry and the partners and the ongoing initiatives regarding the harmonisation of aid;
    • Priority needs that are not covered by the partners.
Year:2007

Assignment: Identification of new budget and feasibility NE Province
Client: Danida
Country: Kenya
Fields of expertise: Appraisal, Basic Health Services, Health Expenditure Review, Health Information System / Epidemiology / Operational Research, Health Policy and Policy Dialogue, Health Sector Review or Health Sector Diagnosis, Identification and Formulation, Pharmaceutical Sector Review, Reproductive Health, Sector Wide Approach (SWAp)
Description:Narrative Description of Project:
The objective of the mission is twofold:
  • To identify/formulate a framework for additional support towards the health sector (2004-2006) aimed at further strengthening and supporting the MOH in the development and implementation of health related policies nationwide.
  • To conduct a feasibility study on the re-inclusion of the HSP component related to North Eastern in Danida’s project envelope.
Description of Actual Services Provided:
To prepare a programme, HSPS I, that would focus on strengthening the capacity in districts and at the same time participate in the preparation of a sector-wide approach (SWAp), leading to budget financing in a possible next phase of the HSPS I. The components are:
  • Support to the SWAp process
  • Support to the pharmaceutical sector
  • Support to district health management information systems (HMIS)
  • Support to implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy
Year:2003 - 2004

Assignment: Preparation Danida Health Sector Programme Support Phase III
Client: Danida
Country: Tanzania / Zanzibar
Fields of expertise: Basic Health Services, Drug Supply Management System Strengthening, Health Expenditure Review, Health Information System / Epidemiology / Operational Research, Health Policy and Policy Dialogue, Health Sector Reform, Health Sector Review or Health Sector Diagnosis, Hospital Services, Identification and Formulation, Pharmaceutical Sector Review, Planning, Organisation and Management, Public Private Partnership Interventions, Rational Use Surveys, Sector Wide Approach (SWAp)
Description:Narrative Description of Project:
Main objectives of Phase III:

Development Objective:
  • to improve the health and well being of all Tanzanians, with a focus on those at risk, and to encourage the health system to be more responsive to the needs of the people.
Specific Objectives of Danish support:
  • Improve comprehensive planning and delivery of quality health services – including the private sector at district level- with a focus on the major diseases including HIV/AIDS, the poor and vulnerable as well as on gender aspects.
  • Improve the capacity of the private sector to contribute to systems development and participate in policy dialogue
  • Improve drug supply and the rational use of drugs
  • Improve hospital management on district and regional level
  • Improve the information systems relevant to the health sector
Description of Actual Services Provided:
Study of background documents relying on existing documentation and with very limited primary data gathering; meetings with key officials from government and donor partners, field trips and workshops. A detailed report with attention to cross-cutting issues and priority themes., management and organisation, financial management and procurement, monitoring, reporting, reviews and evaluation, assessment of key assumptions and risks, component implementation plan, and recommendations.
Year:2003

Assignment: Review of the Pharmaceutical Sector
Client: EC/EDF
Country: Madagascar
Fields of expertise: Costing Studies, Drug Supply Management System Strengthening, Essential Drugs Programme Support, Health Financing and Provider Payment, Identification and Formulation, Medical Store Evaluation, National Medicines Policy Development, Pharmaceutical Sector Review
Description:Narrative Description of Project:
  • Analysis of the pharmaceutical sector.
  • Elaboration of a proposal of a new central medical store.
Description of Actual Services Provided:
  • Analysis and evaluation of the pharmaceutical sector.
  • Project proposal of new central medical stores.
  • Development of distribution mechanisms (up to the periphery).
  • Cost-recovery schemes.
  • Appraisal study of the central medical store.
The central medical store (SALAMA) which is actually operational in Atananarivo is the result of the technical and organisational proposals made by HERA.
Year:1994 - 1995

Assignment: Evaluation of the Pharmaceutical Sector
Client: Ministry of Health
Country: Burkina Faso
Fields of expertise: Basic Health Services, Essential Drugs Programme Support, HIV-AIDS-STI-TB, Identification and Formulation, Monitoring and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical Sector Review
Description:Narrative Description of Project:
Evaluation of the Pharmaceutical sector and of the National Aids Programme.

Description of Actual Services Provided:
  • Evaluation of the pharmaceutical sector.
  • Development of a directive plan for the pharmaceutical sector.
  • Identification of support projects.
Year:1994

Assignment: Pharmaceutical System Assessment
Client: Ministry of Health
Country: Lesotho
Fields of expertise: Essential Drugs Programme Support, Essential Medicines Financing, National Medicines Policy Development, Pharmaceutical Sector Review, Procurement and Tender Support, Public Private Partnership Interventions, Rational Use Surveys, Training and Human Resource Development
Description:Narrative Description of Project:
To carry out a comprehensive review of the Pharmaceutical systems in Lesotho, to make proposals and assist the Pharmaceutical Department to define and begin to implement a programme of reforms.

Description of Actual Services Provided:
  • General assessment of pharmaceutical management (MOHSW pharmaceuticals dept, CHAL, LPC, NDSO)
  • Policy review: review of draft National Drug Policy
  • Review of procurement process
  • Assess methodology of procuring drugs
  • Assess adequacy of present QA system
  • Drug financing: review sources of funding, assess management of drug budget
  • Pharmaceutical information system
  • Rational Drug use
  • Preparation for drug registration
  • Human resources
  • Private-public sector: analysis capacity/efficiency ; price comparison
  • Capacity building
  • Assist implementation
Year:2002 - 2003

Assignment: Strengthening of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance & Legislation
Client: Ministry of Health Suriname
Country: Suriname
Fields of expertise: National Medicines Policy Development, Pharmaceutical Sector Review
Description:Narrative description of Project:
The overall objective of the Technical Assistance (TA) and the subsequent review and drafting of legislation is to establish quality assurance protocols and procedures which are backed by legislation, and the necessary technical and operational infrastructure. Specific recommendations on structures that should be in place to ensure that all medicines on the market and the pharmaceutical services are safe and effective and that they adhere to international standards and recommendations, as well as a review and drafting of all pharmacy related legislation will be presented.

Description of actual services provided:
The TA provided support to the MOH Pharmaceutical Policy Coordinator and the MOH legislation department with the development of quality assurance infrastructure, comprehending (i) relevant legislation and regulation, (ii) laboratories, (iii) a system of human resources and means. Other relevant pharmacy legislation affecting availability was also reviewed and redrafted.

More specifically the TA:
  • Assessed the capacity of the laboratories capable of conduction pharmaceutical analysis;
  • Gave recommendations on how the DRA and related quality assurance structures should operate to achieve the objective of safe medicines on the market;
  • Make specific recommendations as how to make QA efficient and maximize its outcome;
  • Review and propose amendments to pharmacy regulation. Where necessary new legislation will be drafted;
  • Workshops to present results and proposed changes;
  • Develop indicators monitoring the quality assurance of medicines.
Year:2008

Assignment: Design of a master plan for health commodity logistics
Client: UNICEF
Country: Ethiopia
Fields of expertise: Costing Studies, Essential Medicines Financing, Health Financing and Provider Payment, Pharmaceutical Sector Review, Procurement and Tender Support, Training and Human Resource Development
Description:Narrative Description of Project:
Identification of the best options for a new HCSS, based on an analysis of the findings and recommendations of the country wide assessment.
Design of a new HSCC for public health commodities and describe how it will operate. This component includes cost-benefit analysis, needs for technical assistance, training, implementation time frame, and sustainable financing system.
Proposal of a comprehensive implementation plan to operationalize the proposed system.
Preparation of a global cost budget for the implementation of the proposed system.

Description of Actual Services Provided:
  • Design of a New Health Commodity Supply System
  • Definition of the Core Functions of the New System
    • Definition of the Legal Status of the New System
    • Defininition of who will be the suppliers and consumers of the new system in both public and private institution.
    • Determination whether the system as proposed above can deliver supplies to meet the needs of beneficiary units cost-effectively and efficiently.
    • Stakeholder agreement and ownership of the new system
  • Definition of the range of products to be handled
  • Capital works
    • Organizational Structure and Staffing Requirements
  • Financial and Administrative Management System
    • Budget and costs
    • Discussion of outsourcing services
  • Implementation scheme
Year:2005 - 2006

Assignment: Diagnosis and reorganisation of the pharmaceutical sector
Client: World Bank
Country: Rwanda
Fields of expertise: Drug Regulatory Authority Support, Drug Supply Management System Strengthening, Essential Drugs Programme Support, Essential Medicines Financing, Health Sector Reform, Medical Store Evaluation, National Medicines Policy Development, Pharmaceutical Sector Review, Planning, Organisation and Management, Quantification of Essential Drug Needs, Rational Use Surveys, Selection of Essential Medicines, Training and Human Resource Development
Description:Narrative Description of Project:
  • Diagnosis and reorganisation of the pharmaceutical sector in Rwanda (public and private sector).
  • Development of a national policy and legislation for the pharmaceutical sector.
  • Institutional strengthening of the Pharmaceutical Department of the Ministry of Health.
  • Technical and organisational proposals for a new structure for a national central medical store.
  • Quantification of the national needs for essential drugs. Development of the strategies for procurement, supply, storing and distribution of the essential drugs.
  • Proposal for a diagnostic and treatment standard.
  • Strategies for the registration, quality control and rational use of drugs.
  • Development of financial policies for drugs (custom duties, price regulation, etc.).
  • Proposal for the financing of the development plan of the pharmaceutical sector.
Description of Actual Services Provided:
  • Responsible for a detailed analysis of the pharmaceutical sector, including policy, legislation, provision and supply of drugs, drug needs by level and by sector, drug use, drug registration, drug financing aspects.
  • Provided assistance to the Ministry of Health in all the above fields to develop proposals to reform.
  • Assisted the Ministry of Health in developing a new central medical stores structure as a parastatal organisation.
  • Developed a financial plan for all proposed reforms. Consensus development at a national and international workshop where proposals for reform have been presented.
The actual and functional national central medical store in Kigali is based on the feasibility study and the technical proposals made by HERA-CDP.
Year:1993 - 1994

Assignment: Situational Analysis of ARV Supply in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Client: World Bank
Country: Congo RDC
Fields of expertise: Drug Supply Management System Strengthening, HIV-AIDS-STI-TB, Pharmaceutical Sector Review
Description:Narrative description of Project:

The Multi-sectoral HIV / AIDS Project (MAP) (102 million U.S. dollars), is the first project for the fight against HIV / AIDS that was to be implemented by the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) through a single point of coordination of the multi-sectoral body, the National Multi-sectoral Program to fight against HIV / AIDS (PNMLS). The MAP Project was conceived as a project to support the coordination of the multi-sectoral fight against HIV / AIDS in the DRC, by supporting the implementation of the National Strategic Plan against HIV / AIDS in all provinces, both urban and rural, and in a number of varied sectors.
The objective of the MAP project is to mitigate the negative impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the stabilization, recovery, and development of the country. This will be achieved by:
  • increasing the access to STI/HIV/AIDS treatment;
  • mitigating the health and socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS at the individual, household and community level; and
  • building strong and sustainable national capacity to respond to the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Description of actual services provided:

The objective of this consultancy was to improve understanding of the current ARV needs and supply mechanism in DRC in order to ensure continued access to treatment beyond MAP closure. Under the direction of the MAP Task Team Leader the Consultant undertook the following tasks:
  • Conduct a document review on current situation of ARV supply in DRC, including actors involved, quantity supplied, distribution schedule, geographical distribution (preferably by health zone level).
  • Review the historical and current MAP data on:
    • forecasting and quantification of ARVs
    • quantities procured
    • quantities received
    • quantities distributed
    • quantities distributed and received at provincial, district and health zone levels
    • quantities consumed (administered to patients)
  • Review the existing MAP procurement practices and distribution mechanisms, including use of regional distribution centers, assessment of its functionality and supervision mechanisms.
  • Collect information and analyze the different distribution mechanisms applied by other actors involved (Global Fund, PEPFAR, etc.).
  • Assess the existing quality assurance mechanism and provide recommendations for improvement.
  • Conduct a situational analysis of patients currently under treatment, their geographical location and level of treatment received/required.
  • Interview governmental-, donor- and other organizations involved (or to be involved) in ARV supply and establish a reliable estimate of planned and expected 2010 and 2011 procurement and supply of ARVs and related products.
  • Analyze the existing coordination mechanism among the government and principal partners involved and provide recommendations for improvement.
  • Develop recommendations to ensure access to ARV treatment beyond MAP closure, providing a realistic estimate of stocks and financing gaps, time line and coordination mechanism.
  • Discuss and validate preliminary findings with the MOH, PNLS and PNMLS.
Year:2010

Assignment: Analysis of pharmaceutical activities in HSDRP II and overall assessment of pharmaceutical procurement cycle in Timor Leste
Client: World Bank
Country: East Timor
Fields of expertise: Health Sector Review or Health Sector Diagnosis, Medical Store Evaluation, Pharmaceutical Sector Review, Procurement and Tender Support
Description:Narrative description of Project:

As part of financing through a multi-donor trust fund, the Health Sector Rehabilitation and Development Project (HSRDP II) was approved to support the rehabilitation and development of a sustainable health system in Timor Leste. In addition, The Government of Timor Leste received a grant from the EU to finance a range of activities including the strengthening of the Autonomous Medical Stores (SAMES), providing technical assistance to the Pharmaceutical Division of the MoH.

Description of actual services provided by your staff within the assignment:

Overall assessment of pharmaceutical procurement for Timor Leste which feeded into the June 2008 Joint Sector Review and a larger WB study on pharmaceutical procurement:
  1. For the HSRDP II Project:
    • Review the performance of SAMES and key implementation challenges
    • Conduct detailed assessment of the overall pharmaceutical procurement cycle
    • Review of financing procedures/mechanisms
    • Review status of stock management software
    • Assess current stock and supply chain management issues
    • Generate key lessons and operationally relevant recommendations on improving procurement
  2. For inputs in WB study: Assessment of Roadblocks to Bank-Financed Procurement of Medicines. Review how the procedures could/should be better adapted for a small fragile state as Timor Leste
The contract was extended and a second mission took place in November-December to do a follow-up mission together with Dr Diack from the Human Development Network at the World Bank.
  • Review of the status of the recommendations in the Quick Scan Report from June 2008.
  • Review the SAMES’s autonomisation plan
  • Funding options for the SAMES Procurement Plan
  • Contributions made to suppliers’ prequalification and tendering for framework contracts
  • Draft operational plan for the pharmaceutical sector (taking into account the annual plans for HSRDP II and HSSP-SP).
A similar second follow-up mission took place in May-June 2009.
Year:2008 - 2009

Assignment: Review of the Pharmaceutical Sector
Client: World Bank - Ministry of Health
Country: Kenya
Fields of expertise: Drug Regulatory Authority Support, Drug Supply Management System Strengthening, Essential Drugs Programme Support, Health Policy and Policy Dialogue, Health Sector Reform, Health Sector Review or Health Sector Diagnosis, Monitoring and Evaluation, National Medicines Policy Development, Pharmaceutical Sector Review, Procurement and Tender Support, Quantification of Essential Drug Needs, Rational Use Surveys
Description:Narrative description of Project:
The Government of Kenya, with support from its partners including the World Bank, has committed itself to a series of reform efforts in the health sector. As part of this , the MOH commissioned a comprehensive review of the pharmaceutical sector.
The review was contracted in 4 different consultancies of which HERA completed 3 parts:
  1. Consultancy for Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Access in Kenya, including an Institutional Capacity Assessment of the MOH and KEMSA
  2. Consultancy for Evaluating/Improving Quality Assurance and Sustainability in the Medical Supplies Sub-sector in Kenya
  3. Consultancy to strengthen the logistics Management and the Rational Use of Drugs in Kenya.
Description of actual services provided:
  1. Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Access in Kenya:
    • Description of geographical, physical and financial access to drugs in Kenya, particularly for the diseases of poverty, in both public and private sectors;
    • Evaluation of the structure, functioning and outcomes of the existing drug supply systems (including the procurement, warehousing and distribution of drugs to all levels of the health care system);
    • Assessment of the structure, functioning and outcomes of the existing pharmaceutical financing and pricing systems from an efficiency and equity perspective;
    • Development of alternative proposals for efficient and equitable systems of drug supply management, financing and pricing.
  2. Evaluating/ Improving Quality Assurance and Sustainability in the Medical Supplies Sub-sector :
    • Description and evaluation of the overall structure, process and performance of drug quality assurance/control systems at both central and provincial levels;
    • Assessment of the procedures ensuring the quality of drugs and of manufacturing facilities, the thoroughness and frequency of these quality inspections and the overall effectiveness of the quality assurance/control systems;
    • Detailed analysis of all the sources and uses of Drug Control Authority Funds;
    • Development of recommendations to ensure that the systems for drug quality assurance at all levels of the health system in the public and private sectors function efficiently and effectively in the future.
  3. Strengthening the Logistics Management and Rational Use of Drugs:
    • Description and analysis of the existing patterns of drug prescription, dispensing and consumption in the public and private sectors.
    • Review of the logistics management system in the public and private sectors and recommendations for strengthening and developing a national procurement and logistics management action plan;
    • Evaluation of the existing policies, norms, standards and practices related to the use of pharmaceuticals by health professionals and consumers;
    • Development of alternative proposals for the establishment of an effective program for rational drug use (including an essential drugs policy and generics strategy).
Year:2004 - 2005